![]() ![]() A slippery slope is an illegitimate use of the"if-then"operator. ![]() (Copiand Cohen: 93, Davis: 59)ĭefinition: In order to show that a proposition Pis unacceptable, a sequence of increasingly unacceptable events is shownto follow from P. Arguethat it may be true even though we don't know whether it is or isn't. Proof: Identify the proposition in question. (iii) Fred said that he is smarter than Jill, but hedidn't prove it, so it must be false. (ii) Since scientists cannot prove that global warmingwill occur, it probably won't. (i) Since you cannot prove that ghosts do not exist, they must exist. (This is a special case of a false dilemma, sinceit assumes that all propositions must ether be known to be true or knownto be false.)Īs Davis writes, "Lack of proof is not proof."(p. ![]() Conversely,such an argument may assume that since something has not been proven true,it is therefore false. ![]() Argument From Ignorance (argumentum ad ignorantiam)ĭefinition: Arguments of this form assume that sincesomething has not been proven false, it is therefore true. Proof: Identify the options given and show (with anexample) that there is an additional option. (iii) Either support Meech Lake or Quebec will separate. A false dilemma is anillegitimate use of the "or" operator. Proof: the steps needed to prove that the fallacyis committed.Įach of these fallacies is characterized by the illegitimateuse of a logical operator (e.g., "or" "and")in order to distract the reader from the apparent falsity of a certainproposition.ĭefinition: A limited number of options (usually two)is given, while in reality there are more options. Name: this is the generally accepted name ofthe fallacy.Įxamples: examples of the fallacy are given. An argument commits a fallacy whenthe reasons offered do not, in fact, support the conclusion.Įach fallacy is described in the following format: The point of an argument is to give reasonsin support of some conclusion. ![]()
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